Bài 3. Hấp thụ hoàn toàn 2,688 lít khí CO2 (đktc) vào 200 ml dung dịch NaOH 2M thu được dung dịch X. Tính khối lượng muối tan trong dd X.
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,25\cdot1,75=0,4375\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
a______a________a (mol)
\(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
b______2b________b (mol)
Ta lập được HPT \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,225\\a+2b=0,4375\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,0125\\b=0,2125\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaHCO_3}=0,0125\cdot84=1,05\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,2125\cdot106=22,525\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.3}{0.15}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{Tạo ra muối trung hòa}\)
\(2NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
\(0.3...........0.15..............0.15\)
\(m_{Na_2CO_3}=0.15\cdot106=15.9\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=2\). Vậy: Pư tạo muối trung hòa Na2CO3.
PT: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
___0,15______________0,15 (mol)
⇒ mNa2CO3 = 0,15.106 = 15,9 (g)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.2}{0.2}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{Tạo muối axit}\)
\(NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
\(0.2...............0.2............0.2\)
\(m_{NaHCO_3}=0.2\cdot84=16.8\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{7.84}{22.4}=0.35\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{16}{40}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.4}{0.35}=1.14\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{Tạo ra 2 muối}\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{NaHCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
\(NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+b=0.4\\a+b=0.35\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.05\\b=0.3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Na_2CO_3}=0.05\cdot106=5.3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaHCO_3}=0.3\cdot84=25.2\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2.688}{22.4}=0.12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0.1\cdot1=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.12}{0.1}=1.2\)
=> Tạo 2 muối
\(n_{CaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có :
\(a+b=0.1\)
\(a+2b=0.12\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.08\\b=0.02\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=0.02\cdot162=3.24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{5.04}{22.4}=0.225\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0.25\cdot0.5=0.125\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.225}{0.125}=1.8\)
=> Tạo ra 2 muối
\(n_{BaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Ba\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có :
\(a+b=0.125\)
\(a+2b=0.225\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.025\\b=0.1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Muối}=0.025\cdot197+0.1\cdot259=30.825\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=160.1\%=1,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1,6}{40}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=0,8\)
⇒ Pư tạo muối NaHCO3.
PT: \(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
__________0,04_______0,04 (mol)
⇒ mNaHCO3 = 0,04.84 = 3,36 (g)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1.12}{22.4}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{160\cdot1\%}{40}=0.04\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.04}{0.05}=0.8\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{Tạo muối axit}\)
\(NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
\(0.04.......................0.04\)
\(m_{NaHCO_3}=0.04\cdot84=3.36\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{16}{40}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo muối trung hòa
Bảo toàn Cacbon: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,2\cdot106=21,2\left(g\right)\)
tỉ lệ số mol: \(\dfrac{nNaOH}{nCO2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{16}{40}}{\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}}=2\)
=>pư trên chỉ sinh ra sản phẩm muối Na2CO3
pthh: CO2+2NaOH->Na2CO3+H2O
=>nNa2CO3=nCO2=0,2mol=>mNa2CO3=0,2.106=21,2g
vậy muối tan trong dd X có khối lượng 21,2 g
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo muối trung hòa
NaOH dư nên tính theo CO2
Bảo toàn Cacbon: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,12\cdot106=12,72\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=3,33\)
⇒ Pư tạo muối trung hòa Na2CO3.
PT: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
____0,12______________0,12 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,12.106=12,72\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!