Cho 1,35g Al và dd HCl 36,5% ta thu được muốn nhôm clorua và khí hiđro. a. Tính khối lượng dd HCl đã phản ứng ? b. Tính nồng độ % của dd muối sau phản ứng.
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
a 0,4 0,2 1a
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
b 0,3 0,15 1b
a) Gọi a là số mol của Mg
b là số mol của Fe
\(m_{Mg}+m_{Fe}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
⇒ \(n_{Mg}.M_{Mg}+n_{Fe}.M_{Fe}=13,2g\)
⇒ 24a + 56b = 13,2g (1)
Theo phương trình : 1a + 1b = 0,35(2)
Từ(1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình :
24a + 56b = 13,2g
1a + 1b = 0,35
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
0/0Mg = \(\dfrac{4,8.100}{13,2}=36,36\)0/0
0/0Fe = \(\dfrac{8,4.100}{13,2}=63,64\)0/0
b) \(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,4+0,3=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
200ml = 0,2l
\(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,7}{0,2}=3,5\left(M\right)\)
c) \(m_{muối.clorua}=\left(0,2.95\right)+\left(0,15.127\right)=38,05\left(g\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
_____0,3_____0,9______0,2____0,45 (mol)
a, mAl = 0,3.27 = 8,1 (g)
b, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,9}{0,15}=6\left(M\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
nAl= 0,5(mol)
a) PTHH: 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
nHCl= 6/2 . 0,5= 1,5(mol)
=>mHCl= 1,5.36,5=54,75(mol)
=> mddHCl= (54,75.100)/18,25=300(g)
b) nH2= 3/2. 0,5=0,75(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,75.22,4=16,8(l)
c) nAlCl3= nAl= 0,5(mol) -> mAlCl3=0,5. 133,5=66,75(g)
mddAlCl3=mAl+ mddHCl - mH2= 13,5 + 300-0,75.2=312(g)
=> \(C\%ddAlCl3=\dfrac{66,75}{312}.100\approx21,394\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\); nHCl = 0,5.2 = 1 (mol)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{1}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,1->0,3---->0,1---->0,15
=> VH2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (l)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\\C_{M\left(HCl.dư\right)}=\dfrac{1-0,3}{0,5}=1,4M\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) $n_{Al} = \dfrac{5,4}{27} = 0,2(mol)$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
$n_{HCl} = 3n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)$
$m_{HCl} = 0,6.36,5 = 21,9(gam)$
b) $n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,3(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)$
c)
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 5,4 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 204,8(gam)$
$m_{HCl\ dư} = 200.20\% - 21,9 = 18,1(gam)$
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{18,1}{204,8}.100\% = 8,84\%$
$C\%_{AlCl_3} = \dfrac{0,2.133,5}{204,8}.100\% = 13,04\%$
a) nAl=5,427=0,2(mol)nAl=5,427=0,2(mol)
2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H22Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2
nHCl=3nAl=0,6(mol)
mHCl=0,6.36,5=21,9(gam)mHCl=0,6.36,5=21,9(gam)
b) nH2=32nAl=0,3(mol)nH2=32nAl=0,3(mol)
VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72(lít)VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72(lít)
c)
mdd sau pư=5,4+200−0,3.2=204,8(gam)
mHCl dư=200.20%−21,9=18,1(gam)mHCl dư=200.20%−21,9=18,1(gam)
C%HCl=18,1204,8.100%=8,84%C%HCl=18,1204,8.100%=8,84%
C%AlCl3=0,2.133,5204,8.100%=13,04%
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{14,874}{24,79}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,4.27=10,8\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,2.36,5}{250}.100\%=17,52\%\)
c, m dd sau pư = 10,8 + 250 - 0,6.2 = 259,6 (g)
d, \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,4.133,5}{259,6}.100\%\approx20,57\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,3 0,1 0,3
\(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\\ b.C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,45}=\dfrac{2}{3}M\\ c.2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2H_2O\)
0,3 0,15 0,3
\(V_{O_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ b,C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,45}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\\ 2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{2}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ c,V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Theo PTHH: \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> mAl = 0,4.27 = 10,8 (g)
b) \(m_{AlCl_3}=0,4.133,5=53,4\left(g\right)\)