hoà tan 54g dùng dịch cucl2 tác dụng vừa đủ với dung dịch KOH tính khối lượng chất rắn sau phản ứng
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{32,4}{27}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3CuCl2 --> 2AlCl3 + 3Cu
_____1,2--->1,8-------->1,2----->1,8
=> mCu = 1,8.64 = 115,2 (g)
b) \(V_{ddCuCl_2}=\dfrac{1,8}{1,5}=1,2\left(l\right)\)
c) \(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow3NaCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\)
\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{60,75}{135}=0,45mol\\ a)CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
0,45 0,9 0,45 0,9
\(b)m_X=m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,45.81=36,45g\\
c)m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,9.40}{15\%}\cdot100\%=240g\\
d)m_{ddNaCl}=60,75+240-36,45=264,3g\\
C_{\%NaCl}=\dfrac{0,9.58,5}{264,3}\cdot100\%=19,92\%\\
e)n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{245.20\%}{100\%.98}=0,5mol\\
H_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CuSO_4+2H_2O\\
\Rightarrow\dfrac{0,5}{1}>\dfrac{0,45}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\)
\(\Rightarrow\)Dung dịch acid \(H_2SO_4\) làm tan hết chất X\(\left(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 14 :
\(a) n_{CuO} = \dfrac{8}{80} = 0,1(mol)\\ CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O\\ n_{HCl} = 2n_{CuO} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{7,3\%} = 100(gam)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } CuCl_2\\ n_{CuCl_2} = n_{CuO} = 0,1(mol)\\ m_{CuCl_2} = 0,1.135 = 13,5(gam)\)
Bài 15 :
\(a) n_{Fe_2O_3} =\dfrac{4,8}{160} = 0,03(mol)\\ Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2SO_4 \to Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4} = 3n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,09(mol)\\ m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,09.98}{9,8\%} = 90(gam)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } Fe_2(SO_4)_3\\ n_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,03(mol)\\ m_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,03.400 = 12(gam)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
a, \(n_{HCl}=6n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6.36,5}{500}.100\%=4,38\%\)
b, \(n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(FeCl_3+3KOH\rightarrow3KCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_{3\downarrow}\)
______0,2_______0,6______________0,2 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3\left(M\right)\)
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,2.107=21,4\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{15,2}{160}=0,095mol\\ CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
0,095 0,19 0,095 0,095
\(m_{rắn}=m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,095.98=9,31g\\ V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,19}{2}=0,095l\\ b)C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,095}{0,04+0,095}\approx0,7M\\ c)Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CuO+H_2O\)
0,095 0,095
\(m_{rắn}=m_{CuO}=0,095.80=7,6g\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Chất rắn A :Cu ; Dung dịch B : ZnCl2
Ta có : \(n_{Zn} = \dfrac{32,5}{65} = 0,5(mol)\)
\(Zn + CuCl_2 \to ZnCl_2 + Cu\)
Theo PTHH :
\(n_{Cu} = n_{Zn} = 0,5(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu} = 0,5.64 = 32(gam)\)
b)
Ta có :
\(n_{CuCl_2} = n_{Zn} = 0,5(mol)\\ V_{dung\ dịch\ CuCl_2} = \dfrac{n}{C_M} = \dfrac{0,5}{2} = 0,25(lít)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
PTHH: \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CuCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{CuO}\\n_{NaOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)=n_{NaCl}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\cdot98=19,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\\m_{NaCl}=0,4\cdot58,5=23,4\left(g\right)\\C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot40}{200}\cdot100\%=8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(FeCl_3+3KOH\rightarrow3KCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_{3\downarrow}\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=6n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,2.107=21,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3\left(M\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 1 :
PTHH : Zn + H2SO4 ------> ZnSO4 + H2
\(n_{Zn}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH : nH2 = nZn = 0,4 mol
=> Khối lượng H2 được tạo ra ở đktc là :
\(V=n\times22,4\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,4\times22,4\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=8,96\left(l\right)\)
Theo PTHH : nZnSO4 = nZn = 0,4 mol
=> Khối lượng muối được tạo thành là :
\(m=n\times M\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=0,4\times161\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=64,4\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PT : \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> Khối lượng \(H_2SO_4\)cần dùng cho phản ứng là :
\(m=n\times M\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\times98\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=39,2\left(g\right)\)
c) Nồng độ phần trăm thu được sau phản ứng là :
\(C\%=\frac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}\times100\%\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%=\frac{39,2}{64,4}\times100\%\approx60,9\%\)
Vậy :.........................
\(n_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{54}{135}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ 2KOH+CuCl_2\rightarrow2KCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\\ n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuCl_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{rắn}=m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=98.0,4=39,2\left(g\right)\)