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\(a.\left(3x+2\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=\left(9x^2-4\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ \left(3x+2\right)\left(x^2-1\right)-\left(9x^2-4\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\\ \left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)-\left(3x-2\right)\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\\ \left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)-\left(3x-2\right)\right]=0\\ \left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1-3x+2\right)=0\\ \left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(1-2x\right)=0\\ \left[{}\begin{matrix}3x+2=0\\x+1=0\\1-2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{-2}{3}\\x=-1\\x=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b.x\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)-\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)=0\\ x\left(x^2-9\right)-\left(x^3+8\right)=0\\ x^3-9x-x^3-8=0\\ -9x-8=0\\ -9x=8\\ x=\frac{-8}{9}\)
\(c.2x\left(x-3\right)+5\left(x-3\right)=0\\ \left(x-3\right)\left(2x+5\right)=0\\ \left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\2x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=\frac{-5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(d.\left(3x-1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)=\left(3x-1\right)\left(7x-10\right)\\ \left(3x-1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)-\left(3x-1\right)\left(7x-10\right)=0\\ \left(3x-1\right)\left[\left(x^2+2\right)-\left(7x-10\right)\right]=0\\ \left(3x-1\right)\left(x^2+2-7x+10\right)=0\\ \left(3x-1\right)\left(x^2-7x+12\right)=0\\ \left(3x-1\right)\left(x^2-4x-3x+12\right)=0\\ \left(3x-1\right)\left[\left(x^2-4x\right)+\left(-3x+12\right)\right]=0\\ \left(3x-1\right)\left[x\left(x-4\right)-3\left(x-4\right)\right]=0\\ \left(3x-1\right)\left(x-4\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\\ \left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-1=0\\x-4=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1}{3}\\x=4\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(e.\left(x+2\right)\left(3-4x\right)=x^2+4x+4\\ \left(x+2\right)\left(3-4x\right)=\left(x+2\right)^2\\ \left(x+2\right)\left(3-4x\right)-\left(x+2\right)^2=0\\ \left(x+2\right)\left[\left(3-4x\right)-\left(x+2\right)\right]=0\\ \left(x+2\right)\left(3-4x-x-2\right)=0\\ \left(x+2\right)\left(1-5x\right)=0\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2=0\\1-5x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=\frac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(f.x\left(2x-7\right)-4x+14=0\\ x\left(2x-7\right)-2\left(2x-7\right)=0\\ \left(2x-7\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\\ \left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-7=0\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{7}{2}\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(g.3x-15=2x\left(x-5\right)\\ 3\left(x-5\right)=2x\left(x-5\right)\\ 3\left(x-5\right)-2x\left(x-5\right)=0\\ \left(x-5\right)\left(3-2x\right)=0\\ \left[{}\begin{matrix}x-5=0\\3-2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(h.\left(2x+1\right)\left(3x-2\right)=\left(5x-8\right)\left(2x+1\right)\\ \left(2x+1\right)\left(3x-2\right)-\left(5x-8\right)\left(2x+1\right)=0\\ \left(2x+1\right)\left[\left(3x-2\right)-\left(5x-8\right)\right]=0\\ \left(2x+1\right)\left(3x-2-5x+8\right)=0\\ \left(2x+1\right)\left(6-2x\right)=0\\ \left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=0\\6-2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{-1}{2}\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
a) Thay x=-2 vào phương trình 2x+k=x-1, ta được
2*(-2)+k=-2-1
⇔-4+k=-3
⇔k=-3-(-4)=-3+4=1
Vậy: Khi k=1 thì phương trình 2x+k=x-1 có nghiệm là x=-2
b) Thay x=2 vào phương trình (2x+1)(9x+2k)-5(x+2)=40, ta được
(2*2+1)*(9*2+2k)-5*(2+2)=40
⇔5*(18+2k)-20=40
⇔5*(18+2k)=40+20
⇔18+2k=12
⇔2k=12-18=-6
⇔k=-3
Vậy: khi k=-3 thì phương trình (2x+1)(9x+2k)-5(x+2)=40 có nghiệm là x=2
c) Thay x=1 vào phương trình 2(2x+1)+18=3(x+2)(2x+k), ta được
2*(2*1+1)+18=3*(1+2)*(2*1+k)
⇔2*3+18=3*3*(2+k)
⇔24=9*(2+k)
⇔\(2+k=\frac{24}{9}=\frac{8}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow k=\frac{8}{3}-2=\frac{2}{3}\)
Vậy: khi \(k=\frac{2}{3}\) thì phương trình 2(2x+1)+18=3(x+2)(2x+k) có nghiệm là x=1
* Dạng toán về phép chia đa thức
Bài 9. Làm phép chia:
a. \(3x^3y^2:x^2=3xy^2\)
b.\(\left(x^5+4x^3-6x^2\right):4x^2=\dfrac{1}{4}x^3+x-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
c. \(\left(x^3-8\right):\left(x^2+2x+4\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right):\left(x^2+2x+4\right)=x-2\)
d. \(\left(3x^2-6x\right):\left(2-x\right)=-3x\left(2-x\right):\left(2-x\right)=-3x^2\)
e. \(\left(x^3+2x^2-2x-1\right):\left(x^2+3x+1\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(2x^2-2x\right)\right]:\left(x^2+3x+1\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+2x\left(x-1\right)\right]:\left(x^2+3x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1+2x\right):\left(x^2+3x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+3x+1\right):\left(x^2+3x+1\right)\)
\(=x-1\)
Bài 10: Làm tính chia
( Bài này có thể đặt phép chia hoặc phân tích thành nhân tử của Số bị chia sao cho có một nhân tử chia hết cho số chia)
C1 : Đặt phép tính chia
C2 : Đặt nhân tử chung ,tùy vào từng câu
1. \(\left(x^3+3x^2+x-3\right):\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left[x^2\left(x-3\right)+\left(x-3\right)\right]:\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+1\right):\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=x^2+1\)
2.( \(2x^4-5x^2+x^3-3-3x\) ) : \(x^2-3\)
\(=\left(2x^4+x^3-5x^2-3x-3\right):\left(x^2-3\right)\)
3. (x – y – z)5 : (x – y – z)3
\(=\left(x-y-z\right)^{5-3}\)
\(=\left(x-y-z\right)^2\)
\(=x^2+y^2+z^2-2xy-2xz+2yz\)
4. \(\left(x^2+2x+x^2-4\right):\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=\left[x\left(x+2\right)+\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\right]:\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x+x-2\right):\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=2x-2\)
5.( \(2x^3+5x^2-2x+3\) ) : \(\left(2x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(6.\left(2x^3-5x^2+6x-15\right):\left(2x-5\right)\)
P/S : Tối mk lm tiếp nha bn , bh mk có việc bận
Bài 11.
1. Do đa thức chia có bậc là 4 , đa thức bị chia có bậc 2 nên thương có bậc 2
Đặt : x4 - x3 + 6x2 - x + n = ( x2 - x + 5)( x2 + ax + b)
x4 - x3 + 6x2 - x + n= x4 + ax3 + bx2 - x3 - ax2 - bx + 5x2 + 5ax+5b
x4 - x3 + 6x2 - x + n= x4 - x3( a + 1) + x2( b - a + 5) - x( b - 5a) + 5b
Đồng nhất hệ số , ta có :
* a + 1 = 1 => a = 0
* b - a + 5 = 6 => b = 6 - 5 + a = 1
* b - 5a = 1
* 5b = n => n = 5.1 = 5
Vậy , để............thì n = 5
2. Bài này không phức tạp nên chia bt nha , nhưng mk làm cách đồng nhất nhé ( máy tính nhà mk giống bạn Giang bị lỗi phần chia)
Do : đa thức chia bậc 3 , đa thức bị chia bậc 1 nên đa thức thương có bậc 2
Đặt : 3x3 + 10x2 - 5 + n = ( 3x + 1)( x2 + ax + b)
3x3 + 10x2 - 5 + n = 3x3 + 3ax2 + 3bx + x2 + ax + b
3x3 + 10x2 - 5 + n = 3x3 + x2( 3a + 1) + x( 3b + a) + b
Đồng nhất hệ số , ta có :
* 3a + 1 = 10 => 3a = 9 => a = 3
* 3b + a = 0 => 3b = -3 => b = -1
* b = n - 5 => n = b + 5 = -1 + 5 = 4
Vậy, để........thì : n = 4
3.
Để,.......thì :
n - 2 thuộc Ư( 3)
Lập bảng giá trị , ta có :
Vậy,....
\(a.3-4y+24+6y=y+27+3y\)
\(6y-4y-y-3y=27-24-3\)
\(-2y=0\Rightarrow y=0\)
\(b.5-\left(x-6\right)=4\left(3-2x\right)\)
\(5-x+6=12-8x\)
\(8x-x=12-6-5\)
\(7x=1\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{7}\)
\(c.\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)=\left(2x-1\right)\left(x+5\right)\)
\(2x^2-3x+2x-3=2x^2+10x-x-5\)
\(\left(2x^2-2x^2\right)-\left(3x-2x+10x-x\right)=-5+3\)
\(-10x=-2\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{5}\)
\(d.2x\left(x+2\right)^2-8x^2=2\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)
\(2x\left(x^2+4x+4\right)-8x^2=\left(2x-4\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)
\(2x^3+8x^2+8x-8x^2=2x^3+4x^2+8x-4x^2-8x-16\)
\(\left(2x^3-2x^3\right)+\left(8x^2-8x^2-4x^2+4x^2\right)+\left(8x-8x+8x\right)=-16\)
\(8x=-16\Rightarrow x=-2\)
\(e.\left(x-3\right)\left(x+4\right)-2\left(3x-2\right)=\left(x-4\right)^2\)
\(x^2+4x-3x-12-6x+4=x^2-8x+16\)
\(\left(x^2-x^2\right)+\left(4x-3x-6x+8x\right)=16-4+12\)
\(3x=24\Rightarrow x=8\)
\(f.\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)-2x=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
\(x^3+1-2x=x\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(\left(x^3-x^3\right)-\left(2x-x\right)=-1\)
\(-x=-1\Rightarrow x=1\)
b,
\(12x\left(3-4x\right)+7\left(4x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12x\left(3-4x\right)-7\left(3-4x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3-4x\right)\left(12x-7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3-4x=0\\12x-7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4x=3\\12x=7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{3}{4}\\x=\frac{7}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)Vậy...
b) 12x(3 – 4x) + 7(4x – 3) = 0
⇔ 12x( 3 - 4x ) - 7( 3 - 4x) = 0
⇔ ( 12x - 7 ) ( 3 - 4x ) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}12x-7=0\\3-4x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{7}{12}\\x=\frac{3}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
d,
9x2 – 4 – 2(3x – 2)2 = 0
⇔ 9x\(^2\) - 4 - 2( 9x\(^2\) -12x + 4 ) = 0
⇔ 9x\(^2\) - 4 - 18x\(^2\) + 24x -8 = 0
⇔ -9x\(^2\) + 24x - 12 = 0
⇔ 3x\(^2\) - 8x + 4 = 0
⇔ 3x\(^2\) - 6x - 2x +4 = 0
⇔ 3x ( x - 2 ) - 2 ( x - 2 ) = 0
⇔ ( 3x - 2 ) ( x - 2 ) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-2=0\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{2}{3}\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
1.a)\(20x-5y=5\left(4x-y\right)\)
b)\(5x\left(x-1\right)-3x\left(x-1\right)=\left(5x-3x\right)\left(x-1\right)=2x\left(x-1\right)\)
c)\(x\left(x+y\right)-6x-6y=x\left(x+y\right)-6\left(x+y\right)=\left(x-6\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
d)\(6x^3-9x^2=3x^2\left(2x-3\right)\)
e)\(4x^2y-8xy^2+10x^2y^2=2xy\left(2x-8y+10xy\right)\)
g)\(20x^2y-12x^3=4x^2\left(5y-3x\right)\)
h)\(8x^4+12x^2y-16x^3y^4=4x^2\left(2x^2+12y-16xy^4\right)\)
2.a)\(3x\left(x+1\right)-5y\left(x+1\right)=\left(3x-5y\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
b)\(3x\left(x-6\right)-2\left(x-6\right)=\left(3x-2\right)\left(x-6\right)\)
c)\(4y\left(x-1\right)-\left(1-x\right)=4y\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)=\left(4y+1\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
d)\(\left(x-3\right)^3+3-x=\left(x-3\right)^3-\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left[\left(x-3\right)^2-1\right]=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
e)\(7x\left(x-y\right)-\left(y-x\right)=7x\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)=\left(7x+1\right)\left(x-y\right)\)
h)\(3x^3\left(2y-3z\right)-15x\left(2y-3z\right)^2=3x\left(2y-3z\right)\left[x^2-5\left(2y-3z\right)\right]\)
k)Sai đề: \(3x\left(z+2\right)+5\left(-z-2\right)=3x\left(z+2\right)-5\left(z+2\right)=\left(3x-5\right)\left(z+2\right)\)
l)\(18x^2\left(3+x\right)+3\left(x+3\right)=3\left(x+3\right)\left(6x^2+1\right)\)
m)\(14x^2y-21xy^2+28x^2y^2=7xy\left(2x-3y+4xy\right)\)
n)\(10x\left(x-y\right)-8y\left(y-x\right)=10x\left(x-y\right)+8y\left(x-y\right)=2\left(5x+4y\right)\left(x-y\right)\)
`a) x(x + 5)(x – 5) – (x + 2)(x^2 – 2x + 4) = 3`
`<=>x(x^2-25)-(x^3-8)=3`
`<=>x^3-25x-x^3+8=3`
`<=>-25x=-5`
`<=>x=1/5`
`b) (x – 3)^3 – (x – 3)(x^2 + 3x + 9) + 9(x + 1)^2 = 15`
`<=>x^3-9x^2+27x-27-(x^3-27)+9(x^2+2x+1)=15`
`<=>-9x^2+27x+9x^2+18x+9=15`
`<=>45x+9=15`
`<=>45x=6`
`<=>x=6/45=2/15`
`c) (x+5)(x^2 –5x +25) – (x – 7) = x^3`
`<=>x^3-125-x+7=x^3`
`<=>x^3-x-118=x^3`
`<=>-x-118=0`
`<=>-x=118<=>x=-118`
`d) (x+2)(x^2 – 2x + 4) – x(x^2 + 2) = 4 `
`<=>x^3+8-x^3-2x=4`
`<=>8-2x=4`
`<=>2x=4<=>x=2`