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a)Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Al, Fe trong hỗn hợp ban đầu (x,y>0)
Sau phản ứng hỗn hợp muối khan gồm: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl_3:x\left(mol\right)\\FeCl_2:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=13,9\\133,5x+127y=38\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\approx0,0896\\y\approx0,205\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,0896\cdot27\cdot100\%}{13,9}\approx17,4\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,205\cdot56\cdot100\%}{13,9}\approx82,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo Bảo toàn nguyên tố Cl, H ta có:\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}=\dfrac{3n_{AlCl_3}+2n_{FeCl_2}}{2}\\ =\dfrac{3\cdot0,0896+2\cdot0,205}{2}=0,3394mol\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3394\cdot22,4\approx7,6l\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol Zn, Al là a, b
=> 65a + 27b = 18,4 (1)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
a----->2a------------->a
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---->3b------------->1,5b
=> a + 1,5b = 0,5 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 ; b = 0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nHCl(pư) = 2a + 3b = 1 (mol)
nHCl(dư) = 0,6.2 - 1 = 0,2 (mol)
PTHH: KOH + HCl --> KCl + H2O
0,2<----0,2
=> \(V=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,6.2=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ a,n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=1,2-2.n_{H_2}=1,2-2.0,5=0,2\left(mol\right)\\PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+27b=18,4\\a+1,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right);m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ b,KOH+HCl_{dư}\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\\ n_{KOH}=n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
Gọi : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2O_3}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 102a + 65b = 2,505(1)
\(Al_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\)
Muối gồm : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl_3:2a\left(mol\right)\\ZnCl_2:b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 133,5.2a + 136b = 6,045(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : a = 0,015 ; b = 0,015
Vậy :
\(\%m_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{0,015.102}{2,505}.100\% = 61,08\%\\ \%m_{Zn} = 100\% - 61,08\% = 38,92\%\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{HCl} = 6a + 2b = 0,12(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,12.36,5}{200}.100\% = 2,19\%\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(nH_2=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tử H:
\(nH_2SO_4=nH_2=0,1\)
\(\Rightarrow mddH_2SO_4=\dfrac{0,1.98.100}{10}=98\left(g\right)\)
\(mdd_{saupứ}=m_{kimloại}+mddH_2SO_4-mH_2=3,68+98-0,1.2=101,48\left(g\right)\)
Gọi số mol H2 sinh ra là a (mol)
=> nHCl = 2a (mol)
Theo ĐLBTKL: mkim loại + mHCl = mmuối + mH2
=> 17,5 + 36,5.2a = 31,7 + 2a
=> a = 0,2 (mol)
=> V = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
mCl-=mA-mKL=14,2g⇒nCl-=0,4⇒nH2=0,2(mol)⇒V=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
a, PT: \(Fe+S\underrightarrow{t^o}FeS\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_S=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\), ta được Fe dư.
Chất rắn A gồm Fe dư và FeS.
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe\left(pư\right)}=n_{FeS}=n_S=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(FeS+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2S\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2S}=n_{FeS}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ở cùng điều kiện nhiệt độ và áp suất, %V cũng là % số mol.
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2+0,1}.100\%\approx66,67\%\\\%V_{H_2S}\approx33,33\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl\left(dadung\right)}=2n_{Fe}+2n_{FeS}=0,6\left(mol\right)\) (1)
PT: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,5}=1,6\left(M\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{hhkhí\left(H_2,CO_2\right)}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
a a a
MgCO3 + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O
b b b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,2\\161a+84b=28,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCO_3}=0,1.84-8,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{6,5+8,4}=43,62\%\\\%m_{MgCO_3}=100\%-43,62\%=56,38\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,336}{22,4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Na + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + H2
0,03 0,015 0,015
\(\rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=7,26-0,015.142=5,13\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{5,13}{342}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
0,015 0,015
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na}=0,03.23=0,69\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,015.102=1,53\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,69}{0,69+1,53}=31,08\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=100\%-31,08\%=68,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Thiếu \(d_{H_2SO_4}\)
Câu 1:
Đặt \(n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe^o\rightarrow Fe^{+2}+2e\)
x_____________2x_(mol)
\(Al^o\rightarrow Al^{+3}+3e\)
y____________3y_(mol)
\(2H^-\rightarrow H_2^o+2e\)
0,8_____0,4____0,8_(mol)
\(BTe:2x+3y=0,8\)
Theo đề ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=11\\2x+3y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\frac{0,1.56}{11}.100\%=51\left(\%\right)\\\%m_{Al}=100-51=49\left(\%\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(BTNT:\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{hh}=0,1.127+133,5.0,2=39,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\frac{36,5.0,8.100}{7,3}=400\left(g\right)\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
(mol)____0,1____0,3______0,1______0,15__
\(\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\frac{7,8-27.0,1}{7,8}.100\%=65,4\left(\%\right)\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
(mol)_____0,1__________________0,1__
\(\%m_{ZnO}=\frac{10,55-0,1.65}{10,55}.100\%=38,4\left(\%\right)\)