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Lời giải:
a) Nếu $m=1$ thì hpt \(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 2(x+y)+|x|=4(1)\\ 5(x+y)-2|x|=1(2)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lấy \((1).5-(2).2\) thu được:
\(9|x|=18\Rightarrow |x|=2\Rightarrow x=\pm 2\)
\(x+y=\frac{4-|x|}{2}=\frac{4-2}{2}=1\)
Với \(x=2\Rightarrow y=1-x=-1\)
Với \(x=-2\Rightarrow y=1-x=3\)
Vậy hpt có nghiệm \((x,y)=(2; -1); (-2;3)\)
\(1,\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2y+4\\-4y-8+5y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot5+4=14\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\\ 2,\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x-30+6x=3\\y=10-2x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\\ 3,\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4-2y\\6y-12+y=7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{10}{7}\\y=\dfrac{19}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2y=11\\4x-5y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=11+2y\\4x-5y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}y+\dfrac{11}{3}\\4\left(\dfrac{2}{3}y+\dfrac{11}{3}\right)-5y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}y+\dfrac{11}{3}\\\dfrac{8}{3}y+\dfrac{44}{3}-5y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}y+\dfrac{11}{3}\\-\dfrac{7}{3}y=3-\dfrac{44}{3}=-\dfrac{35}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=5\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot5+\dfrac{11}{3}=\dfrac{10}{3}+\dfrac{11}{3}=\dfrac{21}{3}=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}-\dfrac{y}{3}=1\\5x-8y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}+1\\5x-8y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}y+2\\5\left(\dfrac{2}{3}y+2\right)-8y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}y+2\\\dfrac{10}{3}y+10-8y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{14}{3}y=3-10=-7\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}y+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=7:\dfrac{14}{3}=7\cdot\dfrac{3}{14}=\dfrac{3}{2}\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}+2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
c: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+5y=1\\2x-y=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+8\\3x+5\left(2x+8\right)=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+8\\3x+10x+40=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+8\\13x=-39\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=2\cdot\left(-3\right)+8=8-6=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
d: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\\x+y-10=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}y\\x+y=10\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{3}y+y=10\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}y\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{3}y=10\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=6\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot6=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
1: Để hệ luôn có nghiệm thì \(\dfrac{3}{2m-1}\ne\dfrac{2m+1}{5}\)
=>\(\left(2m+1\right)\left(2m-1\right)\ne15\)
=>\(4m^2-1\ne15\)
=>\(4m^2\ne16\)
=>\(m^2\ne4\)
=>\(m\notin\left\{2;-2\right\}\)
2: Để hệ vô nghiệm thì \(\dfrac{3}{2m-1}=\dfrac{2m+1}{5}=\dfrac{12}{2}=6\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2m-1=\dfrac{1}{2}\\2m+1=30\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(m\in\varnothing\)
Để hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất thì \(\dfrac{1}{m}\ne\dfrac{m}{1}\)
=>\(m^2\ne1\)
=>\(m\notin\left\{1;-1\right\}\)
Khi \(m\notin\left\{1;-1\right\}\) thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+my=m+1\\mx+y=2m\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=m+1-my\\m\left(m+1-my\right)+y=2m\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=m+1-my\\m^2+m-m^2y+y-2m=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y\left(-m^2+1\right)=-m^2+m\\x=m+1-my\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{m^2-m}{m^2-1}=\dfrac{m\left(m-1\right)}{\left(m-1\right)\left(m+1\right)}=\dfrac{m}{m+1}\\x=m+1-\dfrac{m^2}{m+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{m}{m+1}\\x=\dfrac{\left(m+1\right)^2-m^2}{m+1}=\dfrac{2m+1}{m+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Để \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>=2\\y>=1\end{matrix}\right.\) thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2m+1}{m+1}>=2\\\dfrac{m}{m+1}>=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2m+1-2\left(m+1\right)}{m+1}>=0\\\dfrac{m-m-1}{m+1}>=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2m+1-2m-2}{m+1}>=0\\\dfrac{-1}{m+1}>=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{1}{m+1}>=0\\-\dfrac{1}{m+1}>=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow m+1< 0\)
=>m<-1
Để hệ có nghiệm duy nhất thì \(\dfrac{m}{2m}\ne\dfrac{1}{3}\)
=>\(\dfrac{1}{2}\ne\dfrac{1}{3}\)(luôn đúng)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}mx+y=5\\2mx+3y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2mx+2y=10\\2mx+3y=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-y=4\\mx+y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-4\\mx=5-y=5-\left(-4\right)=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-4\\x=\dfrac{9}{m}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(2m-1\right)\cdot x+\left(m+1\right)\cdot y=m\)
=>\(\dfrac{9}{m}\left(2m-1\right)+\left(m+1\right)\cdot\left(-4\right)=m\)
=>\(\dfrac{9\left(2m-1\right)}{m}=m+4m+4=5m+4\)
=>m(5m+4)=18m-9
=>\(5m^2-14m+9=0\)
=>(m-1)(5m-9)=0
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}m=1\\m=\dfrac{9}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
a) Ta có: \(\Delta=\left(m-1\right)^2-4\cdot1\cdot\left(-m^2-2\right)\)
\(=m^2-2m+1+4m^2+8\)
\(=5m^2-2m+9>0\forall m\)
Do đó, phương trình luôn có hai nghiệm phân biệt với mọi m
Bài 1:
ĐKXĐ \(2x\ne y\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{2x-y}=a;x+3y=b\)
HPT trở thành
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=\dfrac{3}{2}\\4a-5b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{2}-b\\4\left(\dfrac{3}{2}-b\right)-5b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{2}-b\\6-9b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=\dfrac{8}{9}\\a=\dfrac{11}{18}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3y=\dfrac{8}{9}\\2x-y=\dfrac{18}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x-\dfrac{18}{11}\\x+3\left(2x-\dfrac{18}{11}\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{82}{99}\\y=\dfrac{2}{99}\end{matrix}\right.\)
