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PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{109,5\cdot10\%}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) HCl còn dư, Magie p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\cdot36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,1\cdot2=0,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(saup/ứ\right)}=m_{Mg}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=111,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{111,7}\cdot100\%\approx8,5\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65}{111,7}\cdot100\%\approx3,27\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a)Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(b)n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3}{24}=0,125mol\\ n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1mol\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,125}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\Rightarrow Mg.dư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,05.24,79=1,2395l\\ c)C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}=0,5M\)
Đoạn xét tỉ lệ phải là \(\dfrac{0,125}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\) em nhé.
Câu 1 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{8.4}{24}=0.35\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.35.......0.7.........0.35..........0.35\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.7\cdot36.5}{146}\cdot100\%=17.5\%\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=8.4+146-0.35\cdot2=153.7\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0.35\cdot95}{153.7}\cdot100\%=21.6\%\)
Câu 2 :
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{114.1\cdot8\%}{36.5}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(1................2\)
\(0.1.............0.25\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.1}{1}< \dfrac{0.25}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=10+114.1-0.1\cdot44=119.7\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0.25-0.2\right)\cdot36.5}{119.7}\cdot100\%=1.52\%\)
\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot111}{119.7}\cdot100\%=18.54\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{400\cdot36.5\%}{36.5}=4\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(2.............4............2..........2\)
\(V_{H_2}=2\cdot22.4=44.8\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=2\cdot95=190\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=2\cdot24+400-2\cdot2=444\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%MgCl_2=\dfrac{190}{444}\cdot100\%=42.79\%\)
a)
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
b)
n HCl = 400.36,5%/36,5 = 4(mol)
n H2 = 1/2 n HCl = 2(mol)
V H2 = 2.22,4 = 44,8(lít)
c)
n MgCl2 = n H2 = 2(mol)
m MgCl2 = 2.95 = 190(gam)
d) n Mg = n H2 = 2(mol)
Sau phản ứng :
mdd = m Mg + mdd HCl - m H2 = 2.24 + 400 -2.2 = 444(gam)
C% MgCl2 = 190/444 .100% = 42,79%
Sửa đề : 109,5 ml $\to$ 109,5 gam
a) $Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
b)
n Mg = 2,4/24 = 0,1(mol) ; n HCl = 109,5.10%/36,5 = 0,3(mol)
Ta thấy :
n Mg / 1 = 0,1 < n HCl /2 = 0,15 nên HCl dư
Theo PTHH :
n HCl pư = 2n Mg = 0,2(mol) => n HCl dư = 0,3- 0,2 = 0,1(mol)
n MgCl2 = n Mg = 0,1(mol)
Sau phản ứng :
m dd = m Mg + m HCl - m H2 = 2,4 + 109,5 -0,1.2 =111,7(gam)
Vậy :
C% MgCl2 = 0,1.95/111,7 .100% = 8,5%
C% HCl = 0,1.36,5/111,7 .100% = 3,27%
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6.5}{65}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.3\cdot1=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(0.1........0.1...........0.1.......0.1\)
\(\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0.3-0.1=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{ZnSO_4}}=\dfrac{0.1}{0.3}=0.33\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0.2}{0.3}=0.66\left(M\right)\)
\(a) Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2\\ b) n_{Zn} = \dfrac{6,5}{65} = 0,1 < n_{H_2SO_4} =0,3 \to H_2SO_4\ dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = n_{ZnSO_4} = n_{Zn} = 0,1(mol)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 0,3 - 0,1 = 0,2(mol)\\ c) C_{M_{ZnSO_4}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,3} = 0,33M\\ C_{M_{H_2SO_4}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,3} = 0,67M\)
1.
nAl=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2 mol
mHCl=\(\dfrac{175.14,6}{100}\)=25,55g
nHCl=\(\dfrac{25,55}{36,5}\)=0,7
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2↑
n trước pứ 0,2 0,7
n pứ 0,2 →0,6 → 0,2 → 0,3 mol
n sau pứ hết dư 0,1
Sau pứ HCl dư.
mHCl (dư)= 36,5.0,1=3,65g
mcác chất sau pư= 5,4 +175 - 0,3.2= 179,8g
mAlCl3= 133,5.0,2=26,7g
C%ddHCl (dư)= \(\dfrac{3,65.100}{179,8}=2,03%\)%
C%ddAlCl3 = \(\dfrac{26,7.100}{179,8}\)= 14,85%
2.
200ml= 0,2l
mMg= \(\dfrac{4,2}{24}=0,175mol\)
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2↑
0,175→ 0,35 → 0,175→0,175 mol
a) VH2= 0,175.22,4=3,92l.
b)C%dHCl= \(\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\)M
\(a.Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1mol\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{109,5.10\%}{36,5}=0,3mol\\ n_{Mg}:1< n_{HCl}:2\\ Mg:hết\\ m_{ddsau}=2,4+109,5-2.0,1=111,7g\\ C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{36,5.0,1}{111,7}.100\%=3,27\%\\ C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{95.0,1}{111,7}.100\%=8,50\%\)
Nhân 10% có nghĩa là nhân với 10/100 rồi bạn nhé.