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Replace the group of words in italics by an infinitive or an infinitive construction.
It is important that he should understand this.
It is important/or him to understand this.
He was the first man who arrived. He was the first man to arrive.
1 The captain was the last man who left the ship.
=>The captain was the last man to leave the ship.
2 He got to the top and was very disappointed when he found that someone else had reached it first.
=> He got to the top and was very disappointed to find that someone else had reached it first.
3 The committee have decided to send you to Paris. (You (go) to Par omit
=>The committee have decided to send you to Paris to Par omit
4 Would you be very kind and lend me your umbrella?
=>Would you be very kind to lend me your umbrella?
5 There are a lot of sheets that need mending.
=>There are a lot of sheets to need mending.
6 I was astonished when I heard that he had left the country.
=> I was astonished to hear that he had left the country.
7 It is better that he should hear it from you.
=> It is better for him to hear it from you.
8 I was rude to him, which was stupid. (It was stupid ...)
=>It was stupid of me to be rude to him.
9 If he had another child with whom he could play, he would be happier
=> If he had another child to play, he would be happier
10 It is necessary that everyone should know the truth.
=>It is necessary for everyone to know the truth.
11 There was no place where we could sit.
=>There was no place to sit.
12 He put his hand into his pocket and was astonished when he found that his wallet wasn't there
=> He put his hand into his pocket and was astonished to find that his wallet wasn't there
13 He rushed into the burning house, which was very brave of him.
=>(It was very brave of him to rush into the burning house
14 I can't go to the party; I have nothing that I can wear.
=>I can't go to the party I have nothing to wear.
15 It is expected that he will broadcast a statement tonight.
=>(He is expected to broadcast a statement tonight.
=>
16 I want a kitchen where ( = in which) I can cook.
=>I want a kitchen to cook
17 He reached the station exhausted and was very disappointed when he learnt that the train had just left.
=>He reached the station exhausted and was very disappointed to learn that the train had just left.
18 Haven't you anything with which you could open it?
=>Haven't you anything to open it?
19 It seems that the crime was committed by a left-handed man.
=>(The crime seems to have been committed by a left-handed man.
20 Is it likely that he will arrive before six?
=>(Is he likely to arrive before six?
21 I was on the point of leaving the house when the phone rang.
=> I was about to leave the house when the phone rang.
22 This is the plan: someone will meet you at the station . . .
=>(You . . will be met. (be met) at the station)
23 She is anxious that they should have every possible advantage.
=>She is anxious to find that they should have every possible advantage.
24 It is said that he was a brilliant scientist.
=>(He is said to be a brilliant scientist.
25 The strikers decided that the strike should continue.
=>The strikers decided the strike to continue.
26 Would you be very kind and translate this for me?
=> Would you be very kind to translate this for me?
27 It is advisable that we should leave the house separately.
=> It is advisable to leave the house separately.
28 You signed the document without reading it, which was very stupid.
=>(It was stupid of you to sign the document without reading it
29 It is said that she has a frightful temper.
=>(She is said to have a frightful temper.
30 He was the first man who swam the Channel.
=> He was the first man to swim the Channel.
31 They believe that he is honest.
=>(He . . .)is believed to be honest
32:=>(He appears to be killed with a blunt instrument.
33 He was the only one who realized the danger.
=>He was the only one to realize the danger.
34 It is said that the earth was originally part of the sun.
=>(The earth is said to be originally part of the sun.
35 He took out his spare wheel and was very disappointed when he discovered that that tyre was also punctured.
=-> He took out his spare wheel to be very disappointed to discover that that tyre was also punctured.
36 It is said that the murderer is hiding in the woods near your house.
=>The murderer is asid to be hiding in the woods near your house.
Replace the group of words in italics by an infinitive or an infinitive construction.
It is important that he should understand this.
It is important/or him to understand this.
He was the first man who arrived. He was the first man to arrive.
1 The captain was the last man who left the ship.
The captain was the last man to leave the ship.
2 He got to the top and was very disappointed when he found that someone else hadreached it first.
He got to the top and was very disappointed to find that someone else hadreached it first.
3 (You (go) to Paromit The committee have decided to send.)
The committee have decided to send you to Paris.
4 Would you be very kind and lend me your umbrella?
Would you be very kind to lend me your umbrella?
5 There are a lot of sheets that need mending.
There are a lot of sheets to be mended
6 I was astonished when I heard that he had left the country.
I was astonished to hear that he had left the country.
7 It is better that he should hear it from you.
It is better for him to hear it from you.
8 I was rude to him, which was stupid. (It was stupid ...)
It was stupid of me to be rude to him
9 If he had another child with whom he could play, he would be happier
If he had another child to play with , he would be happier
10 It is necessary that everyone should know the truth.
It is necessary for everyone to know the truth.
11 There was no place where we could sit.
There was no place for us to sit.
12 He put his hand into his pocket and was astonished when he found that his walletwasn't there.
He put his hand into his pocket and was astonished to fine his walletwasn't there.
13 He rushed into the burning house, which was very brave of him.
(It was very brave . . .)
It was very brave of him to rush into the burning house
14 I can't go to the party; I have nothing that I can wear.
I can't go to the partyI have nothing to wear
15 It is expected that he will broadcast a statement tonight. (He is expected...)
(He is expected to broadcast a statement tonight
16 I want a kitchen where ( = in which) I can cook.
I want a kitchen to cook
17 He reached the station exhausted and was very disappointed when he learnt that the train had just left.
He reached the station exhausted and was very disappointed to learn that the train had just left.
18 Haven't you anything with which you could open it?
Haven't you anything for you to open it?
19 It seems that the crime was committed by a left-handed man.
(The crime seems . . . Use perfect infinitive passive.)
The crime seems to have been committed by a left-handed man.
20 Is it likely that he will arrive before six? (Is he . . .)
Is he likely to arrive before six? (
21 I was on the point of leaving the house when the phone rang.
I was about to leave the house when the phone rang.
22 This is the plan: someone will meet you at the station . . .
(You . . . (be met) at the station)
This is the plan for You to be met at the station
23 She is anxious that they should have every possible advantage.
24 It is said that he was a brilliant scientist. (He is said . . .)
He is said to have been a brilliant scientist.
25 The strikers decided that the strike should continue.
The strikers decided to continue the strike
26 Would you be very kind and translate this for me?
Would you be kind enough to translate this for me?
27 It is advisable that we should leave the house separately.
It is advisable for us to leave the house separately.
28 You signed the document without reading it, which was very stupid. (It was stupid...)
It was stupid of you to sign the document without reading it,
29 It is said thathe has a frightful temper. (She . . .)
she is said to have a frightful temper
30 He was the first man who swam the Channel.
He was the first man to swim the Channel.
31 They believe that he is honest. (He . . .)
he is believed to be honest
32 It appears that he was killed with a blunt instrument.
(He appears . . . Use passive infinitive.)
He appears to have been killed with a blunt instrument.
33 He was the only one who realized the danger.
He was the only one to realize the danger.
34 It is said that the earth was originally part of the sun. (The earth . . .)
The earth is said to have been originally part of the sun
35 He took out his spare wheel and was very disappointed when he discovered that that tyre was also punctured.
He took out his spare wheel and was very disappointed to discoverthat that tyre was also punctured.
36 It is said that the murderer is hiding in the woods near your house.
the murderer is said to be hiding in the woods near your house.
Change phrases of purpose to clauses of purpose or vice versa.
1. Malanie was hurying in order not to miss her bus.
=>Malanie was hurying so that she didn't miss her bus.
2. Ali borrowed an eraser so that he could erase a mistake in his composition.
=>Ali borrowed an eraser to erase a mistake in his composition.
3. Most people work to earn money.
=>Most people work so that they earn money.
4. I wish we had a garden for the children to play in.
=>I wish we had a garden so that the children play in.
5. She is learning English so that she can study in the United States.
=>She is learning English to study in the United States.
6. The staff are working at weekends so as not to delay the project any further.
=>The staff are working at weekends so that they don't delay the project any further.
7. Can we stop for me to buy a newspaper?
=>Can we stop so that I buy a newspaper?
8. We moved to London so that we could visit our parents more often.
=>We moved to London to visit our parents more often.
9. We're having to borrow money in order to pay our bills.
=> We're having to borrow money we can pay our bills.
10. I lrft the door open so that Harry could get in.
=>I lrft the door open for Harry to get in.
11. I'm going to be very careful so that I won't have an accident.
=>I'm going to be very careful not to have an accident.
12. The government took these measures in order to reduce crime.
=>The government took these measures that they could reduce crime.
13. He wore glasses ang false beard so that he wouldn't be recognized.
=>He wore glasses ang false beard not to be recognized.
14. I lowered the volume on the TV set so as not to disturb my neighbors.
=>I lowered the volume on the TV set so that I didn't disturb my neighbors.
15. Yesterday I took my umbrella so that I wouldn't get wet.
=>Yesterday I took my umbrella not to get wet.
If a line is correct, put a tick next to the number.
Being an only child
1.√..im an only child. People often say to me: wouldn't you be a lot
2...happier if you have had -> had brothers and sisters? But I don't see it like that.
3... it's true that if I had had -> had a brother or sister, I would have someone closer
4.√..to my own age to talk to and play with at home, but I don't think that is
5..√. very important provided for you have close friends, which I do. if my
6...parents would had -> had more children, they wouldn't be able to spend so much -> much
7...time with me. And we have -> would have great fun together! Also, except if I had a
8... brother or sister, I 'd have it -> X to share a bedroom with them. That might be
9...fun, but what would happen if I wanted to play my CDs and -> but he or she had
10... to study? No- I don't want a brother or sister, unless it will happens -> happens, of course. In that case,i'll think it's the best thing in the world!
Exercise 1:
- I won't go to school unless I feel better.
- Tony won't walk to you unless you question him.
- You'll be cold unless you put your overcoat on.
- You will fail the exam unless you work hard.
- You'll get a cold unless you keep your feet dry.
- I won't go to the party unless you go.
- I'll miss my flight unless I leave now.
- I can't send you a postcard unless you give me your address.
- I can't build a school for the poor unless I win a big lottery.
- I will call the police unless you leave me alone.
1. The wedding day was ________ chosen by the parents of the groom.
A. careless B. careful C. carelessly D. carefully
2. Peter usually helps his mother with the ________________.
A. housework B. homework C. chores D. household
3. __________ someone is considered as rude.
A. Looking at B. Waving C. Greeting D. Pointing at
4. I lost my key. I’ll have to _________________________.
A. have other key made B. have another key made
C. be made a key D. damage another key
5. ________ the fifth largest among the nine planets that make up moor solar system.
A. The Earth is B. The Earth being C. That the Earth is D. Being the Earth
6. People don, t like the way he shows off, ______ ?
A. don,t they B. do they C. does he D. doesn,t he
7. He went to the cinema ________ he had done his homework.
A. before B. until C. by the time D. after
8. Books are still a cheap way to get information and ________________.
A. entertainment B. entertain C. entertaining D. entertainer
9. To Americans, it is impolite to ask someone about age, _________ and salary.
A. marry B. married C. marriage D. marrying
10. __________ actress’s life is in many ways unlike that of other women.
A. An B. A C. As D. That the
11. Before _______________, they used horse-drawn wooden carts.
A. farmers have had tractors B. tractors owned by farmers
C. having tractors farmers D. farmers had tractors
12.You can join the club when you _____________ a bit older.
A. will have got B. will get C. get D. are getting
13. The bathroom is ___________ the bedroom and the kitchen.
A. right B. next C. between D. left
14. The news _________ may not be true.
A. that the prisoner will be released B. when the prisoner will be released
C. of released the prisoner D. about the prisoner release
15. Go straight on and __________ the third turning on the right.
A. take B. get C. make D. catch
16. At the station, we often see the sign “______________ for pickpockets.”
A. Watch on B. Watch out C. Watch up D. Watch at
17. The school _____________ a system of monthly tests in place of an annual exam.
A. gathered B. took C. collected D. adopted
18. Would you be kind ____________ to open the door for me?
A. much B. enough C. of D. with
19. ______ that Columbus discovered America.
A. In 1492 B. There was in 1492 C. That was in 1492 D. It was in 1492
20. The club ____________ last year.
A. had been opened B. was opened C. has been opened D. was being opened
21. In rainy seasons, roads in the villages are always ___________.
A. mud B. mudded C. mudding D. muddy
22. _______________ , this disaster would not have happened.
A. Had you have obeyed orders B. You obeyed orders
C. Had you obeyed orders D. You had obeyed orders
23. She said _____________ and asked if she could get me anything.
A. she would be going shopping B. she was going shopping
C. she will go shopping D. she is going shopping
24. Most underdeveloped countries are in ____________ of technical assistance.
A. need B. lack C. excess D. shortage
25. ______________ had booked in advance were allowed in.
A. Only who were those B. Only were those who
C. Only who D. Only those who
26. If I had worked harder at school, _________________________________.
A. I will sit in a comfortable office now
B. I would be sitting in a comfortable office now
C. I would have sat in a comfortable office now
D. I will be sitting in a comfortable office now
27. This is the best play ____________ I have ever seen.
A. which B. what C. whom D. that
28. I had no sooner closed the door ____________ somebody started knocking on it.
A. as B. that C. than D. when
29. She left early __________________.
A. so she be at home when he arrived B. so as to be at home when he arrived
C. so as that to be at home when he arrived D. so that to be at home when he arrived
30. They ___________ for Japan at 10:30 tomorrow.
A. will be leaving B. have left C. are left D. will have left
31. I ________________ the hot weather in the south.
A. used to B. use to C. uses to D. am used to
32. My mother said _____________ my study results the year before.
A. she is satisfied with B. she is satisfied to
C. she was satisfied to D. she was satisfied with
33. _______________ told me this refused to give his name.
A. The man whom B. The man whom was
C. The man who was D. The man who
34. The police are searching for a tall dark man ___________ a beard.
A. on B. in C. and D. with
35. By September next year, I ___________________ here for ten years.
A. will be working B. work
C. will have been working D. have been working
36. The first customer ______________________ this morning was quite rude.
A. dealing with B. with whom we dealt
C. to deal with D. dealt with
37. Never before ___________________ such a beautiful waterfall.
A. that I have seen B. do I see C. have I seen D. I have seen
38. Pupils should have their eyes _________________ regularly.
A. tested B. to test C. test D. testing
39. My brother likes music very much. He ________ to music while working.
A. used to listen B. is used to listening C. is used to listen D. used to be listening
40. If you are agreeable _________________ our proposal, we’ll go ahead.
A. with B. for C. about D. to
I. Supply the correct form of the verb in brackets :
1.Hurry up or our favourite TV programme ( be).....WILL HAVE BEEN..... over long before we ( reach)....REACH....home.
2. If we don't hurry, all the tickets ( sell)..........WILL HAVE BEEN SOLD......by the time we get there.
3. The classroom is still very dirty. I don't think it ( clean)...HAVE BEEN CLEANED...
4. We (tell)......HAVE TOLD...... not to go out at night recently.
5.Thanks for your help! If you ( not help).........HADN'T HELPED.......... me, I (not pass).........WOULDN'T HAVE PASSED.... the exam.
6. HAVE you (be) ......BEEN...to the laboratory this week?
7.He was busy packing, for he said that he....HAS LEAVED...( leave) that night.
8. Hello,Pat. I ( phone)..HAVE PHONED ... to ask if you (do) ....HAD DONE.........anything this Saturday.
9. It is crucial that Dido (stop).......STOP.....using that equipment.
10. The house (build)....HAS BEEN BUILT.....for three months.
11. I avoided ( recognize)......BEING RECOGNIZED........ by my parents on the street.
12. At 6.30 last night,when I (have).....WAS HAVING....dinner, my friend ( phone)....PHONED.......me.
13.If the weather (be)......HAD BEEN..good, we ( go).........WOULD HAVE GONE.....to the beach last sunday.
14. Do you mind if I OPENED( open) the window?
II. Each sentence contains a mistake. Find and correct it:
1. This is the book that I buy at the store yesterday. ->.......................BOUGHT......................................................
2. Despite he is a good singer, he is not famous.->..........ALTHOUGH...................................................................
3. MR Hung is going to buy a new house, is he? ->............................ISN'T.................................................
4. If I am you, I would buy that expensive car. ->................WERE.............................................................
5. Could you mind telling me the way to the nearest restaurant? ->.........................WOULD.......................................
6.I'd prefer to do it on myself because other people make me nervous.->........................BY.....................................................
7. I read something about Tararino's new film on that magazine.->...........IN.....................................
8. Because there are less members present tonight than there were last night,we must wait until the next meeting to vote.->..................................MORE...........................................
9. A dictionary IS which I have wished to have for years.->........................IN.................................................
Rewrite the following sentences, using phrase of purpose.
1. Leave aerly so that you may get home before dark.
=> You should leave early in order to get home before dark.
2. This man changed his address constantly so that he could void the police.
=> This man changed his address constantly to avoid the police.
3. I shouted in order that I cuold warn everyone of danger.
=> I shouted so as to warn everyone of danger.
4. Banks are developed so that they can keep people's money safe.
=> Banks are developed in order to keep people's money safe.
5. Mary went to the library in order to that she could borrow some books.
=> Mary went to the library so as to borrow some books.
6. Yesterday father went to the bank so that he would open a checking account.
=> Yesterday father went to the bank in order to open a checking account.
7. I went to see him so that I could find out what had happened.
=> I went to see him so as to find out what had happened.
8. Tom is saving up so that he can buy a new bicycle.
=> Tom is saving up so as to buy a new bicycle.
9. He hurried so that he could catch the train.
=> He hurried so as to catch the train.
10. She is learning French so that she will be able to speak it when she comes to Paris.
=> She is learning French so as to speak it when she comes to Paris.
Rewrite the following sentences, using phrase of purpose.
1. Leave aerly so that you may get home before dark.
=> You should leave early in order to get home before dark.
2. This man changed his address constantly so that he could void the police.
=> This man changed his address constantly to avoid the police.
3. I shouted in order that I cuold warn everyone of danger.
=> I shouted so as to warn everyone of danger.
4. Banks are developed so that they can keep people's money safe.
=> Banks are developed in order to keep people's money safe.
5. Mary went to the library in order to that she could borrow some books.
=> Mary went to the library so as to borrow some books.
6. Yesterday father went to the bank so that he would open a checking account.
=> Yesterday father went to the bank in order to open a checking account.
7. I went to see him so that I could find out what had happened.
=> I went to see him so as to find out what had happened.
8. Tom is saving up so that he can buy a new bicycle.
=> Tom is saving up so as to buy a new bicycle.
9. He hurried so that he could catch the train.
=> He hurried so as to catch the train.
10. She is learning French so that she will be able to speak it when she comes to Paris.
=> She is learning French so as to speak it when she comes to Paris.
I/ Rewrite the relative clauses by using phrases
1. The man who’s talking to the policeman has just returned home from Paris.
-> The man is talking to the policeman . He has just returned home from Paris
2. The students who make noise in class will be punished.
-> The students make noise in class . They will be punished
3. Passengers who travelled on this bus bought their tickets in books.
-> Passengers bought their tickets in books . They travelled on this bus
4. There is a law which forbids hunting and fishing in this area.
-> There is a law in this area . It forbids hunting and fishing
5. We had a river in which we could swim.
-> We had a river . We could swim in it
6. The child is lonely; he’d be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
-> The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone to play with
7. I’d be more interested if I had a family that I had to cook for.
-> I’d be more interested if I had a family to cook for
8. I’ve got a bottle of wine, but I haven’t got anything with which I could open it.
-> I’ve got a bottle of wine, but I haven’t got anything to open it
9. I have some letters that I must write.
-> I have some letters to write
10. I don’t want to go alone; nor do I have anyone with whom I can go.
-> I don’t want to go alone; nor do I have anyone to go with
11. I don’t like my children playing in the streets. I wish I had a garden that they could play in.
-> I don’t like my children playing in the streets. I wish I had a garden for them to play in
12. We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t anything on which we could sit.
-> We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t anything to sit on
13. She didn’t buy any cards because she hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards.
-> She didn’t buy any cards because she hadn’t anyone to send cards
14. He was the first man who left the building which was burning.
-> He was the first man who left the burning building
15. You are the last person who he believes.
-> You are the last person for him to believe