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III. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.
1.We must pay the bill at once.
The bill must be paid at once
2.Many people in the world speak English.
English is spoken in the world
3.This question is difficult to understand.
It’s a difficult question to understand
4.I will repair your bicycle tomorrow afternoon.
Your bicycle will be repaired tomorrow afternoon
5.“Don’t throw things away,” Miss Linda said to the students. Miss Linda asked the children not to throw things away
6.Penicillin can cure many dangerous diseases.
Many dangerous diseases can be cured by penicillin
7.Does your country export rice to Britain?
Is rice exported to Britain by your country?
8.I was very delighted that I passed the final exams.
I was very delighted to pass the final exam
9.Keeping the environment clean is very important
It's very important to keep the environment clean
10.They will show the time machine to the public when thay finish it
The time machine will be shown to the public when it is finished
11.He was delighted to receive his aunt's letter
He was delighted that his aunt sent him a letter
12.Old car tires are recycled to make shoes and sandals People recycle old car tires to make shoes and sandals
13.I'm very sad that I wasn't accepted in that group
I'm very sad not to be accepted in that group
1. They passed all the exams. They are lucky.
==>They are lucky to pass all the exams.
2. John got Ann's letter yesterday. He was very surprised.
==>John was surprised to get Ann's letter yesterday.
3. She can't come. I'm affraid.
==>I'm affair that she can't come.
4. We heard about yur father's illness. We were sorry.
==>We were sorry to hear about your father's illness.
5. I have nothing better to offer you. I'm ashamed.
==>I'm ashamed to have nothing better to offer you.
6. Susan received a lot of birthday presents. She was happy.
==>Suasn was happy to receive a lot of birthday presents.
7. You wouldn't come back. I was worried.
==>I was worried that you wuoldn't come back.
8. You are interested in protecting the enviroment. We are delighted.
==>We are delighted that you are interested in protecting the environment.
9. Jane has decided to leave the company. I'm sorry.
==>I'm sorry that Jane has decided to leave the company.
10. He jumped into the river to save the child. It was brave of him.
==>It was brave of him to jump into the river to save the child.
VII. Combine each pair of the sentences, using the adjective + to- infinitive/ noun clause structures.
1. They passed all the exams. They are lucky.
They are lucky to pass all the exams
2. John got Ann's letter yesterday. He was very surprised.
John was very surprised to get Ann's letter yesterday
3. She can't come. I'm affraid.
I'm affraid that She can't come
4. We heard about yur father's illness. We were sorry.
We were sorry to hear about yur father's illness
5. I have nothing better to offer you. I'm ashamed.
I'm ashamed to have nothing better to offer you
6. Susan received a lot of birthday presents. She was happy.
Susan was happy to receive a lot of birthday presents.
7. You wouldn't come back. I was worried.
I was worried that you wouldn't come back
8. You are interested in protecting the enviroment. We are delighted.
We are delighted that You are interested in protecting the enviroment.
9. Jane has decided to leave the company. I'm sorry.
I'm sorry that Jane has decided to leave the company
10. He jumped into the river to save the child. It was brave of him.
It was brave of him to jump into the river to save the child
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answers.
1. He got wet he forgot his umbrella.
A. because of B. because C. but D. and
2. He stops working heavy raining.
A. in spite of B. although C. despite D. because of
3. They have a lot of difficulties in their life their poverty.
A. in spite of B. although C. because D. because of
4. Jill and Jolly were happy it was their both birthday party that day.
A. because B. even though C. spite of D. Despite
5. Nobody could hear her she spoke too quietly.
A. although B. because C. because of D. in spite of
6. We decided to leave early the party was boring.
A. although B. despite C. because D. because of
7. We all feel sad the bad news
A. because B. because of C. though D. despite
8. John lost his job his laziness.
A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. though
9. We can't go to Julia's party we're going away that weekend.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. Nam was absent from class yesterday he felt sick.
A. so B. because C. although D. but
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answers.
1. The boy can’t reach the shelf he’s not tall enough.
A. because B. although C. even though D. and
2. She couldn’t unlock it she had the wrong key.
A. while B. but C. though D. because
3. Nam failed the final exam he was lazy.
A. while B. though C. because D. but
4. We watched TV the whole evening we had nothing better to do.
A. because B. though C. so D. but
5. We didn’t go for a walk it was very cold.
A. though B. because C. but D. so
6. They decided not to go out for a meal they were too tired.
A. so B. because C. but D. if
7. I’m learning English I want to get a better job.
A. or B. because C. therefore D. but
8. Last night we came to the show late the traffic was terrible.
A. although B. despite C. and D. because
9. Lan couldn’t pass the exam she is too lazy.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
A. because B. because of C. despite D. so
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. We delayed our trip BECAUSE OF the bad weather.
2. Sue’s eyes were red BECAUSE she had been crying.
3. My mother is always complaining BECAUSE OF the untidiness of my room.
4. The water in most river is unsafe to drink BECAUSE it’s polluted.
5. The trees were bend over BECAUSE OF the wind.
6. You can’t enter this secure areas BECAUSE you don’t have an official permit.
7. It’s unsafe to travel in that country BECAUSE OF the ongoing civil war.
8. Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted BECAUSE OF the extreme heat.
9. Mark didn’t go to work yesterday BECAUSE he didn’t feel well.
10. We couldn’t get into the disco BECAUSE OF the enormous crowd.
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. I went home early BECAUSE I was feeling unwell.
2. We decided not to go out for a meal BECAUSE we were simply too tired.
3. I couldn’t get to sleep BECAUSE OF the noise.
4. He only accepted the job BECAUSE OF the salary, which was very high.
5. Sarah can’t climb up the tree BECAUSE OF her fear of heights.
6. BECAUSE OF his age, John was not hired ALTHOUGH he had the necessary qualifications.
7. Mary came to class late BECAUSE her motorbike had a puncture.
8. Sandy didn’t go to school yesterday BECAUSE she was sick.
9. She went to bed early BECAUSE OF her tiredness.
10. I couldn’t do the test BECAUSE it was too difficult.
Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences, using because/because of
1. He didn’t come because of his sickness.
BECAUSE HE WAS SICK, He didn’t come
2. The train was late because the fog was thick.
BECAUSE OF THE THICK FOG, The train was late
3. The plane couldn’t take off because of the bad weather.
BECAUSE THE WEATHER WAS BAD, The plane couldn’t take off
4. He left the school because his family was poor.
BECAUSE OF HIS FAMILY'S POVERTY,The plane couldn’t take off
5. We couldn’t study because of the noise.
BECAUSE IT WAS TOO NOISE, We couldn’t study
6. I didn’t go swimming because it was cold.
BECAUSE OF THE COLD, I didn’t go swimming
7. These students arrive late because of the bad traffic.
BECAUSE THE TRAFFIC WAS BAD, These students arrive late
8. Mary can’t sleep because she has drunk a cup of strong coffee.
BECAUSE OF DRINKING A CUP OF STRONG COFFEE, MARY CAN'T SLEEP
9. Because of getting up early, he wasn’t late for the first train.
BECAUSE HE GOT UP EARLY, he wasn’t late for the first train.
I. Give advice with ought to or ought not to.
Minh looks very tired. (go to bed late)
-> Minh ought not to go to bed late
My parents are going to visit France. (learn a few French words)
-> Your parents ought to learn a few French words
It’s eight o’clock. Helen is still sleeping. (get up earlier)
-> Helen ought to get up earlier
There is traffic jam and the people are rushing forward. (drive like that)
-> They ought not to drive like that
Nam is going to have final exam tomorrow morning. He is playing computer games now. (play computer games – learn the lessons)
-> Nam ought not to play computer games . He ought to learn the lessons
The speed limit is 30 mph, but Catherine is driving 50 mph. (drive so fast)
-> Catherine ought not to drive so fast
The street is too narrow. It’s always full of vehicles. (they/ widen this street)
-> They ought to widen this street
I’m bored. I need a change. (go away for a few days)
-> You ought to go away for a few days
II. Fill in each blank with a correct reflexive pronoun.
My sister often looks at herself in the mirror.
Mark made for himself a sandwich.
This refrigerator defrosts itself .
Hoa and I ourselves saw that accident yesterday.
Did you pay for yourself ?
The children can look after themselves for a few days.
Please help me. I can’t do it by myself .
Take care of myself ?
He was very surprised when he looked at himself in the mirror.
I don’t like going to the cinema with other people. I prefer going by myself.
The child had no bothers or sisters, so she often had to play by herself.
I’m afraid that the children are going to cut themselves on the broken glass.
We had a great time in London together. We really enjoyed ourselves .
“Can I take another biscuit?” – Of course. Help yourself ”.
Don’t worry about Linh and me. We can look after ourselves.
I gave them a key to our house so that they could let themselves in.
Phuong had a great holiday. She enjoyed herself .
Please try and understand how I feel. Put yourself in my position.
I taught myself to play the guitar. I have never had lessons.
An elephant hurt itself when it tried to get out of the zoo yesterday.
I don’t need any help. I can take care of myself.
Sarah and I didn’t enjoy ourselves at the disco last night.
This exercise isn’to very difficult. Do it yourself
My brother can repair the bicycle by himself.
III. Read the text and answer the following questions.
Peter had a letter form his sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she was coming to England next month. If she comes, she will get a surprise. Peter is now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before his sister left. The house was completed five months ago. In his letter, he said that, he wanted her to stay with his family. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a modern house. So it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in the district.
Where does Peter’s sister live?
- She lives in Nigeria
What is she going to do next month?
- She is going to come to England next month
Where is Peter living now?
- He is living in a beautiful new house in the country
When was the house completed?
- It was completed five months ago
Has it got many large rooms and a lovely garden?
- Yes , it has
Did he invite his sister to stay with him?
- Yes , he did
Why does the house look strange to some people?
- Because it is the only modern house in the district
VI. Fill in each blank with a suitable word to complete the following passage.
If you see a fire, you should ring the school bell in (1) one minutes. When they ring (2) the bell, students should quickly leave the (3) classroom. The monitor should take the register with him on leaving the classroom. The students (4) should line up outside the classroom as soon as (5) everyone has left the room. Then the (6) class should walk quickly along the path to the main entrance. When they are at(7) the main entrance, the students should stand quietly in the playground. While they are (8) waiting there, one of the students should (9) look for the class teacher in the playground. On finding the class teacher (10), he should give him the class register.
Minh looks very tired. (go to bed late)
=>MINH OUGHT NOT TO GO TO BED LATE.
My parents are going to visit France. (learn a few French words)
=>MY PARENTS OUGHT TO LEARN A FEW FRENCH WORDS.
It’s eight o’clock. Helen is still sleeping. (get up earlier)
=>HELEN OUGHT TO GET UP EARLIER.
There is traffic jam and the people are rushing forward. (drive like that)
=>THE PEOPLE OUGHT NOT TO DRIVE LIKE THAT
Nam is going to have final exam tomorrow morning. He is playing computer games now. (play computer games – learn the lessons)
=>NAM OUGHT NOT TO PLAY COMPUTER GAMES.HE OUGHT TO LEARN THE LESSONS.
The speed limit is 30 mph, but Catherine is driving 50 mph. (drive so fast)
=>HE OUGHT NOT TO DRIVE SO FAST.
The street is too narrow. It’s always full of vehicles. (they/ widen this street)
=>THEY OUGHT TO WIDEN THIS STREET.
I’m bored. I need a change. (go away for a few days)
=>YOU OUGHT TO GO AWAY FOR A FEW DAYS.
Use Such instead of So to rewrite the sentences below.
1. He is so clever that he can answer all my questions.
=> He is such a clever boy that he can answer all my questions
2. Mr Keller is so rich that he can give the charitable society one million dollars.
=> Mr Keller is such a rich man that he can give the charitable society one million dollars
3. This city is so large that I’ve got lost.
=> It is such a large city that I've got lost
4. This shop is so small that I don’t take notice of it.
=> It is such a small shop that I don't take notice of it
5. That day was so nice that all of us went out for a walk.
=> It was such a nice day that all of us went out for a walk
6. That fish was so big that it could weigh fifty kilos.
=> It was such a big fish that it could weigh fiffty kilos.
7. The test we did yesterday was so difficult that we couldn’t finish it an hour.
=> It was such a difficult test which we did yesterday that we could't finish it an hour
8. The play we saw yesterday was so bad that we went out by halves.
=> It was such a bad play which we saw yesterday that we went out by halves.
9. The story he told us was so funny that I couldn’t help laughing.
=> It was such a funny story which he told us that I couldn't help laughing
10. Jane’s conduct is so good that everybody likes her.
=> Jane has such a good conduct that everybody likes her.
11. Mary’s voice is so beautiful we all like to hear her sing.
=> Mary has such a beautiful voice that we all like to hear her sing
12. Miss Snow’s ring is so valuable that she keeps it very carefully.
=> Miss Snow has such a valuable ring that she keeps it very carefully
13. Your dog is so fierce that nobody dares to approach it.
=> You has such a fierce god that nobody dares to approach it.
14. His house is so beautiful that he doesn’t want to
=> He has such a beautiful house that he doesn't want to leave
15. Our car is so old that we must repair it three times a month
=> We have such an old car that we must repair it three times a month.
Use Such instead of So to rewrite the sentences below.
1. He is so clever that he can answer all my questions.
He is such a clever student that he can answer all my question
2. Mr Keller is so rich that he can give the charitable society one million dollars.
Mr Keller is such a rich man that he can give the charitable society one million dollars.
3. This city is so large that I’ve got lost.
This is such a large city that I’ve got lost.
4. This shop is so small that I don’t take notice of it.
This is such a small shop that I don’t take notice of it.
5. That day was so nice that all of us went out for a walk.
That was such a nice day that all of us went out for a walk.
6. That fish was so big that it could weigh fifty kilos.
That was such a big fish that it could weigh fifty kilos.
7. The test we did yesterday was so difficult that we couldn’t finish it an hour.
We did such the difficult test yesterday that we couldn’t finish it an hour.
8. The play we saw yesterday was so bad that we went out by halves.
we saw the bad play that we went out by halves.
9. The story he told us was so funny that I couldn’t help laughing.
He told us the funny story that I couldn’t help laughing.
10. Jane’s conduct is so good that everybody likes her.
Jane has such good conduct that everybody likes her.
11. Mary’s voice is so beautiful we all like to hear her sing.
Mary has such beautiful voice that we all like to hear her sing.
12. Miss Snow’s ring is so valuable that she keeps it very carefully.
Miss Snow has valuable ring that she keeps it very carefully.
13. Your dog is so fierce that nobody dares to approach it.
you have such a fierce dog that nobody dares to approach it.
14. His house is so beautiful that he doesn’t want to
he has such beautiful house that he doesn’t want to
15. Our car is so old that we must repair it three times a month
we have such old car that we must repair it three times a month
III. Write the sentences, using the adjective + to –infinitive structure.
1.It/ difficult/ learn/ Japanese.
=> It's difficult to learn Japanese.
2.We/ delighted/ get/ your letter/ yesterday.
=> We were delighted to get your letter yesterday.
3.It/ not easy/ answer/ these questions.
=> It isn't easy to answer these questions.
4.Your writing/ difficult/ read.
=> Your writing is difficult to read.
5.I/ surprised/ see/ Tom/ the party/ last night.
=> I was surprised to see Tom at the party last night.
6.It/ impossible/ understand/ his theory.
=> It's impossible to understand his theory.
7.They/ ready/ start/ now.
=> They are ready to start now.
8.It/ interesting/ see/ that film.
=> It's interesting to see that film.
VI. Choose the suitable words or phrases to fill in the blanks.
1.Milk (brings/ is bring/ is brought/ has brought) to the house by the milkman everyday.
2.We were delighted (getting/ to get/ get/ got) your letter last week.
3.“Would you like to go to the movies tonight?” “I’m sorry, I can’t I (am doing/ do/ will do/ doing) my homework this evening.
4.Milk bottles can be (recycle/ thrown away/ broken/ reused) after being cleaned.
5.This project (is carried out/ carries out/ will carry out/ will be carried out) next month.
6.It’s dangerous (swim/ to swim/ swimming/ swam) in this river.
7.We are looking forward to (seeing/ see/ saw/ be seen) you in June.
8.It’s too cold outside. (Would you like to shut the windows/ Will you shut the windows, please/ Shall I shut the windows/ Can I shut the windows)? – Sure. I’ll do it right now.