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Bài 5
Fe + 2CH3COOH \(\rightarrow\) (CH3COO)2Fe + H2(1)
nCH3COOH = \(\dfrac{4,5}{60}=0,075mol\)
a) THeo pt: n(CH3COO)2Fe = \(\dfrac{1}{2}.nCH_3COOH=0,0375mol\)
=> m = 6,525g
c) Theo pt (1) nH2 = 1/2nCH3COOH = 0,0375 mol
2H2 + O2 \(\xrightarrow[]{t^o}\) 2H2O
Theo pt: nO2 = 0,5nH2 = 0,01875mol
=> VO2 = 0,42 lít
=> Vkk = 0,42.5 = 2,1 lít
\(n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{300\cdot5\%}{60}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(2CH_3COOH+Zn\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\)
\(0.25........................................................0.125\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.125\cdot22.4=2.8\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{C_2H_5OH}=0.1\cdot2=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH⇌CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\left(ĐK:H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)},t^0\right)\)
\(0.2......................0.2.....................0.2\)
\(\Rightarrow CH_3COOHdư\)
\(m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=0.2\cdot88=17.6\left(g\right)\)
a) n CH3COOH = 300.5%/60 = 0,25(mol)
Zn + 2CH3COOH $\to$ (CH3COO)2Zn + H2
Theo PTHH :
n H2 = 1/2 n CH3COOH = 0,25/2 = 0,125(mol)
V H2 = 0,125.22,4 = 2,8(lít)
b) n C2H5OH = 0,1.2 = 0,2(mol)
\(CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH \buildrel{{H_2SO_4,t^o}}\over\rightleftharpoons CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O\)
Ta thấy :
n CH3COOH = 0,25 > n C2H5OH = 0,2 => CH3COOH dư
n CH3COOC2H5 = n C2H5OH = 0,2 mol
=> m CH3COOC2H5 = 0,2.88 = 17,6 gam
nAl = 5.4/27 = 0.2 (mol)
2Al + 3H2SO4 => Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0.2____0.3_________________0.3
VH2 = 0.3*22.4 = 6.72(l)
CM H2SO4 = 0.3/0.1 = 3 M
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,3mol=n_{H_2SO_4}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,1}=3\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\)
b,\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{21,2}{106}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{CO_2}=n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Fe+H_2\)
a, Theo PT: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=2n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.60=12\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddCH_3COOH}=\dfrac{12}{10\%}=120\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Fe}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 5,6 + 120 - 0,1.2 = 125,4 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.174}{125,4}.100\%\approx13,88\%\)
Ta có nH2 = 3,36/22,4 = 0,15 mol
Fe +2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
0,15. 0,3 <-. 0,15. ( Mol)
=> mFe = 0,15 × 56 = 8,4g
=> %Fe = 8,4/15×100% = 56%
=> %Cu = 100% - 56% = 44%
=>VHCl =1\0,3=10\3 l
nFe=0,1 mol
Fe +2HCl=>FeCl2+H2
0,1 mol=>0,2 mol =>0,1 mol
VH2=0,1.22,4=2,24 lít
nHCl=0,2 mol=>mHCl=0,2.36,5=7,3g
=>C% dd HCl=7,3/200.100%=3,65%
a ,\(Zn+2HCl=>ZnCl_2+H_2\) (1)
b, \(n_{Zn}=\frac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
theo (1) \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
c, Theo (1) \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3 \left(g\right)\)
nồng độ % dung dịch axit đã dùng là
\(\frac{7,3}{200}.100\%=36,5\%\)
\(a,Zn+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ b,n_{CH_3COOH}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddCH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1\left(M\right)\\ c,CH_3COOH+KOH\rightarrow CH_3COOK+H_2O\\ n_{CH_3COOK}=n_{CH_3COOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddCH_3COOK}=400+400=800\left(ml\right)=0,8\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddCH_3COOK}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,8}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(Zn+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\uparrow\)
0,4 0,2
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(b,C_{M_{CH_3COOH}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1M\)
\(c,CH_3COOH+KOH\rightarrow CH_3COOK+H_2O\)
0,4 0,4 0,4
\(C_{M_{CH_3COOK}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1M\)
a/ Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 + H2
nH2 = \(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: nH2 = nFe = 0,15 (mol) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=11-8,4=2,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{11}.100\%\approx76,4\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100-76,4\approx23,6\%\)
b/ Theo PTHH ta có: nHCl = 2nFe = 2.0,15 = 0,3 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(M\right)\)
c/ mHCl = 36,5 . 0,3 = 10,95(g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{m_{ddHCl}}.100\%=\dfrac{10,95}{200}.100\%=5,475\%\)
\(2CH_3COOH+Zn\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\)
0,4 0,2 0,2 0,2
số mol \(CH_3COOH\) là:
\(n_{CH_3COOH}=C_M\cdot V=2\cdot0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
a; thể tích khí thoát ra là:
\(V=22,4\cdot n=22,4\cdot0,2=4,48\left(L\right)\)
b; khối lượng kim loại Zn đã dùng là:
\(m_{Zn}=n_{Zn}\cdot M_{Zn}=0,2\cdot65=13\left(g\right)\)