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PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\cdot1,5=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
$n_{Al} = 0,3(mol)$
$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,45(mol)$
$m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,45.98}{12,25\%} = 360(gam)$
b)
$n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,45(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08(lít)$
c)
$n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,15(mol)$
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 8,1 + 360 - 0,45.2 = 367,2(gam)$
$C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{0,15.342}{367,2}.100\% = 14\%$
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,54}{27}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
_____0,02->0,06---->0,02--->0,03
=> VH2 = 0,03.22,4 = 0,672 (l)
b) mHCl = 0,06.36,5 = 2,19 (g)
=> \(C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,19}{100}.100\%=2,19\%\)
`a)`
`2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2`
`n_{Al}={0,54}/{27}=0,02(mol)`
`n_{H_2}=3/{2}n_{Al}=0,03(mol)`
`V_{H_2}=0,03.22,4=0,672(l)`
`b)`
`n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,06(mol)`
`C%_{HCl}={0,06.36,5}/{100}.100%=2,19%`
a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{14,874}{24,79}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,4.27=10,8\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,2.36,5}{250}.100\%=17,52\%\)
c, m dd sau pư = 10,8 + 250 - 0,6.2 = 259,6 (g)
d, \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,4.133,5}{259,6}.100\%\approx20,57\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ a.Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 0,05.........0,1..........0,05..........0,05\left(mol\right)\\ a.C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{200}.100=1,825\%\\ b.m_{Zn}=0,05.65=3,25\left(g\right)\\ c.C\%_{ddZnCl_2}=\dfrac{136.0,05}{3,25+200-0,05.2}.100\approx3,347\%\)
nNa2CO3 = 10,6 / 106 = 0,1 (mol)
Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH -> 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1
mdd CH3COOH = 0,2 * 60 / 5 * 100 = 240 (gam)
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaCO3 + H2O
0,1 0,1
mCaCO3 = 0,1 * 100 = 10 (gam)
mdd = 240 + 10,6 - 0,1 * 44 = 246,2 (gam)
C% = 82 * 0,2 / 246,2 * 100% = 6,66%
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{10,6}{106}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH ---> 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
0,1---------->0,2----------------->0,2--------------->0,1
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ---> CaCO3 + H2O
0,1------------------------->0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddCH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,2.60}{5\%}=240\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCO_3}=0,1.100=10\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{dd}=10,6+240-0,1.44=246,2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{CH_3COONa}=\dfrac{82.0,2}{246,2}.100\%=6,66\%\)
Câu 8 :
\(n_{MgCO3}=\dfrac{42}{84}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(2CH_3COOH+MgCO_3\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+CO_2+H_2O\)
1 0,5 0,5
a) \(V_{CO2\left(dktc\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
b) \(V_{CH3COOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)\)
c) Pt : \(CH_3COOH+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+H_2O\)
1 1
300ml = 0,3l
\(C_{MCH3COONa}=\dfrac{1}{0,3}=\dfrac{10}{3}\left(M\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
a)
$n_{Al} = \dfrac{8,1}{27} = 0,3(mol)$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,45(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08(lít)$
b) $n_{HCl} = 3n_{Al} = 0,9(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,9.36,5}{3,65\%} = 900(gam)$
c)
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư}= 8,1 + 900 - 0,45.2 = 907,2(gam)$
$n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,15(mol)$
$C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{0,15.342}{907,2}.100\% = 5,65\%$