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a) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCO_3}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
MgCO3 + 2CH3COOH ---> (CH3COO)2Mg + CO2 + H2O
a---------->2a-------------------->a----------------->a
CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH ---> (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O
b---------->2b------------------>b------------------>b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}84a+100b=31,8\\a+b=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\b=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCO_3}=0,2.84=16,8\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCO_3}=0,15.100=15\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{16,8}{31,8}.100\%=52,8\%\\\%m_{CaCO_3}=100\%-52,8\%=47,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(V_{dd}=\dfrac{2.0,2+2.0,15}{2}=0,35\left(l\right)\)
c) \(m_{muối}=0,2.142+0,15.158=52,1\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Mg là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)
Gọi số mol của Fe là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,8\\24a+56b=25,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,6\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,6mol\\n_{Fe}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,6\cdot24=14,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{14,4}{25,6}\cdot100\%=56,25\%\\\%m_{Fe}=43,75\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=1,2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,6mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,6}{2}=0,8\left(l\right)=800ml\)
c) PTHH: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,6mol\\n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\cdot90=18\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,6\cdot58=34,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{kếttủa}=18+34,8=52,8\left(g\right)\)
a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: x x
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=30,7\\x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,3.65.100\%}{30,7}=63,52\%;\%m_{Fe}=100\%-63,52\%=36,48\%\)
b,
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,3 0,6
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,4
nHCl = 0,6+0,4 = 1 (mol)
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)=500\left(ml\right)\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
_____0,2<---0,6<--------------0,3
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,2.27}{15,6}.100\%=34,615\%\\\%Al_2O_3=\dfrac{15,6-0,2.27}{15,6}.100\%=65,385\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{15,6-0,2.27}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Al2O3 + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
______0,1--->0,6
=> nHCl = 0,6+0,6 = 1,2(mol)
=> \(V_{dd}=\dfrac{1,2}{2}=0,6\left(l\right)\)
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của CH3COOH và C2H5OH
X tác dụng vừa đủ với 200 ml dung dịch NaOH 1M => x = 0,2
mX = 60x + 46y = 16,6
=> y = 0,1
=> x : y = 2 : 1
=> 0,9 mol X có chứa 0,6 mol CH3COOH và 0,3 mol C2H5OH
=> Tổng C2H5OH = 0,5
Vậy giá trị của m = 35,2 (gam)
\(n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{300\cdot5\%}{60}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(2CH_3COOH+Zn\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\)
\(0.25........................................................0.125\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.125\cdot22.4=2.8\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{C_2H_5OH}=0.1\cdot2=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH⇌CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\left(ĐK:H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)},t^0\right)\)
\(0.2......................0.2.....................0.2\)
\(\Rightarrow CH_3COOHdư\)
\(m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=0.2\cdot88=17.6\left(g\right)\)
2CH3COOH+CaCO3-to>(CH3COO)2Ca+H2O+CO2
0,4-----------------0,2----------------------------------------0,2
2CH3COOH+CaO->(CH3COO)2Ca+H2O
0,1----------------0,05
n CO2=0,2 mol
=>%m CaCO3=\(\dfrac{0,2.100}{22,8}100=87,72\%\)
=>%m CaO=12,28%
=>n CaO=0,05 mol
=>VCH3COOH=\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l\)
a)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH --> (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O
0,2<---------0,4<------------------------------0,2
=> \(m_{CaCO_3}=0,2.100=20\left(g\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{20}{22,8}=87,72\%\\\%m_{CaO}=100\%-87,72\%=12,28\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(n_{CaO}=\dfrac{22,8-20}{56}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CaO + 2CH3COOH --> (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O
0,05---->0,1
=> \(V_{dd.CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,1+0,4}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{a}{60}\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{1,5a}{46}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=\dfrac{1,2a}{88}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH --H2SO4(đ),to--> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{60}}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{1,5a}{46}}{1}\) => HIệu suất tính theo CH3COOH
\(n_{CH_3COOH\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1,2a}{88}\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(H=\dfrac{\dfrac{1,2a}{88}}{\dfrac{a}{60}}.100\%=81,82\%\)